Hi Greg
Of those listed, the one I can make a compelling argument for based on observed behavior would be anger.
Shame, guilt, remorse – possibly, but those are constructs that I would be hard pressed to pair with observed behavior in a conclusive way. I know many people interpret behavior to fit these constructs, but I’d tread carefully myself.
See this 2015 study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4310318/
Having said that, I do know that in a room of 10 dogs all doing various things, I can say, “Knock it off” or “Don’t!” without using the specific dog’s name, and the only dog who changes what they are doing is the dog who is doing something they know to be not allowed. I’d love to have that replicated for scientists!
Suzanne
